Pdf cost analysis of solar thermal propulsion systems. The propulsion unit comprises basically reaction engines 14 including a delaval nozzle 22, heating chamber 26, solar window 28. A refractive secondary solar concentrator is a nonimaging optical device that accepts focused solar energy from a primary concentrator and redirects that light, by means of refraction and total internal reflection tir into a cavity where the solar energy is used for power andor propulsion applications. This article considers operational dynamics of a solar thermal propulsion unit stpu with a solar energy concentrator for cubesat nanosatellites. Electricity, generated by the ships solar panels, gives a positive electrical charge to atoms inside the chamber. Results of evaluation of solar thermal propulsion dave. The united states reached peak oil production in 1970, and there is. Solar thermal propulsion offers a unique combination of high thrust and high specific impulse levels that can provide competitive advantages relative to traditional satellite propulsion systems. It was shown that for a 6u cubesat with a 1u propulsion system, a resulting.
The concept of solar thermal propulsion stems from the better known solar dynamic power system. The propulsion unit comprises basically reaction engines 14 including a delaval nozzle 22, heating chamber 26, solar window 28 and inflatable paraboloid solar collector 34. Solar thermal propulsion spacecraft propulsion rocket engine. The sun, however, is a natural heat source, providing over a.
Section 2 of this study recommends a two part solution for acquiring deep space propulsion capabilities, fully acknowledging the parallel requirement to create affordable access to space. V of more than 35 ms in less than 24 h is possible. High temperature latent heat thermal energy storage to augment solar thermal propulsion for microsatellites. Gloeckler department of physics, university of maryland, college park, md, u. Thermal gas pushes directly on walls by p pressure forces. Nuclear thermal propulsion ntp nasas history with nuclear thermal propulsion ntp technology goes back to the earliest days of the agency. Both programs looked at a solid core ntr, the simplest type of nuclear rocket. Montgomery, nexolvejacobs esssa group les johnson, nasa marshall space flight center june 15, 2017 foundations of interstellar studies workshop new york city college of technology, brooklyn, ny r. Bwxt is responsible for initiating conceptual designs of an ntp reactor in hopes of powering a future manned mission to mars. Apr 26, 20 solar thermal propulsion free download as powerpoint presentation. In order to enhance the functionality of this technology, thermal storage combined with a means of thermaltoelectric conversion is suggested, with the idea of providing a dualmode power and. Solar electric propulsion an overview sciencedirect topics. The proposed heat exchanger solar thermal propulsion concept attempts to move away from traditional solar thermal propulsion concepts.
In order to enhance the functionality of this technology, thermal storage combined with a means of thermal toelectric conversion is. Thiokol propulsion brigham city, ut background the concept of solar thermal propulsion stp has been around for many years 16. During the ventilation cycle, sunlight stores heat in the thermal mass and warms the air channel causing circulation through vents at the top and bottom of the wall. This subtopic seeks sail propulsion innovations in three areas for future robotic science and exploration missions. Nuclear thermal propulsion ntp nuclear thermal propulsion ntp can. This propulsion system has been proposed as an alternative means of rocket propulsion for orbit transfer and planetary missions. High energy advanced thermal storage for spacecraft solar.
Solar thermal propulsion for small spacecraft engineering. The investigation of cost effective propulsion systems for three mission cases. This technology has been exploited in a variety of spacecraft by the european space agency, the japanese space agency, indian space research organisation and nasa. Pdf this paper presents an initial investigation into the design of a solar thermal propulsion concept for an increasingly important class of. Focus control system for solar thermal propulsion steven r. The solar wind and suprathermal ion composition investigation. Solar thermal traditional concept the idea of using solar thermal energy to heat a propellant to produce thrust for a spacecraft is a mature concept 16, 17 that has received a lot of attention. V capability than chemical propulsion systems without the order of. Cost analysis of solar thermal propulsion systems for. Introduction types of rockets engines depending on gas acceleration mechanismforce on vehicle mechanism. Utilizing nuclear technology as an ingredient of nasas exploration.
Pdf the case for solar thermal steam propulsion system for. Solar thermal propulsion makes use of an available power source, the sun, and therefore does not require development of the power source. Highlighting the applications of a watersolar thermal propulsion system. This invention relates to a space vehicle 10 in which solar radiation is utilized to generate thrust by virtue of a solar thermal propulsion unit 12. Targeting a temperature level of 15002500 k via solar concentration, such a system can yield a highperformance microsatellite with superior thrust and specific impulse isp levels.
Operations dynamics analysis of solar thermal propulsion for. High temperature latent heat thermal energy storage to. The development and utilization of first generation ntp systems will provide the foundation for even more capable space. Solar thermal propulsion uses the suns energy to heat a low molecular weight working fluid such as hydrogen to very high temperatures 3,000k. Electromagnetically driven fusion propulsion iepc 20 anthony pancotti john slough, david kirtley, george votroubek, christopher pihl msnw llc, redmond, wa 98052. The invention is directed to a solar thermal propulsion engine which comprises. For certain deepspace missions, the onboard propulsion systems and their required propellant may make up more. A number of solar thermal propulsion systems for microsatellites have been proposed and studied in ground tests. Besides chemical, cold gas and electric propulsion, solar thermal. Analysis of direct solar thermal rocket propulsion aiaa arc. Thermal expansion accounts for about half of the measured global sealevel rise.
If the propulsion system must produce large amounts of thrust, or have a high specific impulse, as on the main motor of an interplanetary spacecraft, other technologies are used. Pdf small satellite solar thermal propulsion system. An stp system augmented with thermal storage and thermal toelectric conversion is suggested and analyzed as a means to bypass these drawbacks. A study of solar thermal propulsion system enhancement via. One approach, shown in figure 1, uses an offaxis parabolic concentrator mirror like a large magnifying glass to focus the suns. Propulsion analysis thrust force compare solar thermal concentrator 200 400 deg c with solar thermal heat exchanger 50 110 deg c concepts use same mass flow rate and propellants tfaws 2017 august 2125, 2017 20. Solar thermal power plants have the major advantage that they can integrate thermal energy storage systems for example, storage tanks with hot, molten salt, which enable the plants to continue operating when clouds worldwide, solar thermal power plants with a total capacity of about 2. Large solar sail propulsion systems with at least square meters of deployed surface area for small solar thermal rocket is a theoretical spacecraft propulsion system that would make use of solar power to directly heat reaction mass, and therefore would not require an electrical generator, like most other forms of solar powered propulsion do. Comparison of orbit transfer vehicle concepts utilizing mid term power and propulsion options pdf. Small satellite solar thermal propulsion system design. Bwxt is working with nasa in support of the agencys nuclear thermal propulsion ntp project.
Pdf cost analysis of solar thermal propulsion systems for. Nuclear thermal rockets can achieve a specific impulse of about 9,00010,000 ms, lower than that typical of electric thrusters, but can supply a thrust which is far larger. Solar thermal propulsion seminar of electrical engineering. Solar electric propulsion takes advantage of magnetism and electricity to push a ship through space. Solar thermal propulsion has been proposed for small satellite applications, but information regarding the concepts are not available in a single report. Solar electric propulsion nasa expanding our reach facts once they are placed into orbit and separated from their launch vehicle, spacecraft must rely on their onboard propulsion systems for any further maneuvering. Solar electric propulsion nasa glenn research center. In this concept thermal energy in the form of heat is moved.
How does solar electric propulsion ion propulsion work. Roger myers executive director, advanced inspace systems. American institute of aeronautics and astronautics 12700 sunrise valley drive, suite 200 reston, va 201915807 703. Background the study was requested by nasa head quarters. Cost analysis of solar thermal propulsion systems for microsatellite. Potential of advanced solar thermal propulsion progress in. Again, the basics of nuclear propulsion are available and nuclear thermal rockets may be developed in a short time. The pulsed nuclear thermal rocket not to be confused with nuclear pulse propulsion, which is a hypothetical method of spacecraft propulsion that uses nuclear explosions for thrust is a type of solid nuclear thermal rocket for thrust and specific impulse i sp amplification. Solar thermal propulsion employs concentrated solar en ergy to heat a working fluid that is then expanded through a propulsive nozzle to produce thrust. The concept of solar thermal propulsion stems from the better known solardynamic power system. Solar thermal propulsion spacecraft propulsion rocket. Typical concept for a traditional solar thermal spacecraft propulsion engine. Spacex propulsion tom markusic space exploration technologies 46th aiaaasmesaeasee joint propulsion conference july 28, 2010 friday, august 6, 2010. Students will build a model using everyday items to demonstrate that water expands when heat energy is added.
Todays advances in materials, testing capabilities, and reactor development are providing impetus for nasa to appraise nuclear thermal propulsion ntp as an attractive 21 st century option to propel human exploration missions to mars and other deep space destinations. Voice disorders affect a large number of adults in the united states, and their clinical evaluation heavily relies on laryngeal videostroboscopy, which captures the mediallateral and anteriorposterior motion of the vocal folds using stroboscopic sampling. However, no solar thermal rockets, much less those intended for microsatellites, have been. Introduction to develop a spacefaring civilization, humankind must develop technologies which enable safe, affordable and repeatable mobility through the solar system. Solar electric propulsion sep refers to the combination of solar cells and electric thrusters to propel a spacecraft through outer space. Unlike most things at beyond nerva, the nuclear thermal rocket ntr has been built and tested by both the us and the ussr. Hllv propulsion nuclear thermal propulsion for mars stage solar electric propulsion for cargo tug j2x merlin 2 next ion thruster busek bht20k hall thruster nasa 457m hall thruster merlin 2 j2x propellant loxrp loxlh 2 thrust vac klbf 1,700 292 isp vac sec 322 448 tw lbflbm 150 55 loxmethane propulsion for ascentdescent. During the heating cycle the trombe wall radiates stored heat. Ntp possesses numerous advantages over traditional chemical propulsion systems. Most propulsion systems rely on the use of combustion or electrical power input to impart energy to propellants, for thrust and specific impulse benefits. As nasa pursues innovative, costeffective alternatives to conventional propulsion technologies to forge new paths into the solar system, researchers at nasas marshall space flight center in huntsville, alabama, say nuclear thermal propulsion technologies are more promising than ever, and have contracted with bwxt nuclear energy, inc.
A solar thermal rocket is a theoretical spacecraft propulsion system that would make use of. An important part of understanding sealevel rise is understanding thermal expansion of water. Solar thermal propulsion free download as powerpoint presentation. A trombe wall is a passive solar heating and ventilation system consisting of an air channel sandwiched between a window and a sunfacing thermal mass. Jun 19, 2012 american institute of aeronautics and astronautics 12700 sunrise valley drive, suite 200 reston, va 201915807 703. Solar thermal energy an industry report solar thermal technology on an industrial scale the sun is our source our sun produces 400,000,000,000,000,000,000,000,000 watts of energy every second and the belief is that it will last for another 5 billion years. This paper presents viewgraphs on solar thermal propulsion stp. Stp effectively bridges the performance gap between chemical and electric propulsion. Nep nuclear electric propulsion ntp nuclear thermal propulsion sep solar electric propulsion soi sphere of in uence vev variable ejection velocity i. Rather than carrying a heavy generator with the spacecraft, a solar thermal rocket has to carry only the means of capturing solar energy, such as concentrators and mirrors. New work on nuclear thermal propulsion builds upon nasa s nuclear engine for rocket vehicle application nerva program of the 1960s. The rocket would only have to carry the means of capturing solar energy, such as concentrators and. Papers are requested in the areas of advanced controls and health management technologies that address the current challenges of autonomy and intelligent propulsion to enhance the safety, reliability, and operation of aircraft systems while optimizing fuel use and integrated with thermal management system and power.
Unconventional rocket drives solar thermal propulsion. The rover and the nuclear engine for rocket vehicle app li cations programs ran from soon after nasas inception in 1958 until 1972. Matthew r gilpin 20150720 solar thermal propulsion stp offers an unique combination of thrust and efficiency, providing greater total. Pdf small satellite solar thermal propulsion system design. An stp system that combines both thermal energy storage and thermalelectric energy conversion could overcome the typical drawbacks of. Nuclear thermal propulsion for mars stage solar electric propulsion for cargo tug j2x merlin 2 next ion thruster busek bht20k hall thruster nasa 457m. Oct 10, 2019 solar electric propulsion allows deepspace missions to carry more cargo and use smaller launch vehicles while reducing mission costs. Solar thermal propulsion augmented with fibre optics. This solar thermal heating sth process converts 80 to 99 % of the incoming sunlight into heat. Engineers choose monopropellant systems when the need for simplicity and reliability outweigh the need for high delivered impulse.
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